The Encapsulation and Decapsulation process
The Encapsulation and Decapsulation process when the packet travels from the source to the destination
When the source has to transfer the data it encapsulate the data in a packet with source and destination IP address it then encapsulate the packet into a frame with source and destination MAC address that is the hardware address and send the frame out as bit on the wire means physical layer work here. After that the frame is received by the source gateway – a router and is decapsulated.If the destination MAC address is the router the router will search the routing table for the interface to reach the destination host, encapsulate the packet in the appropriate frame format for the outgoing interface with new source and the destination layer2 (MAC) address and forward the frame out that interface. This process is repeated at each router until the packet reaches its destination. And from the source to destination the layer 2 address is change at each hop but the layer 3 address that is the source and destination IP address remain the same.